Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopment conditions, meaning they affect the communication systems within the brain and nervous system, particularly as these develop during childhood. They typically interfere with the ability to focus, impulse control, and the regulation of energy levels.
The main difference, as indicated by the name, ADD describes attentional difficulties without the hyperactivity component, whereas both are present in those with ADHD; however, they are often grouped together in general discussion and research.
Current data estimates that approximately 5-7% of children worldwide have ADHD, and symptoms can, but don’t always, persist into adulthood. However, there has been a recent boom in both people seeking diagnosis and being diagnosed with ADHD, particularly in adulthood. This is thought to be due to not to an increase in how common the condition is, but rather due to a number of factors, including increased awareness of the condition and its manifestation, and improved access to healthcare.
The most commonly reported symptoms include trouble maintaining attention, excessive fidgeting or restlessness, impulsive decision-making, and issues with organisation. These symptoms can impact those with the condition in multiple ways, including in academic, professional, and personal life.
ADD/ADHD is diagnosed through detailed assessments by trained professionals, who use a combination of standardised tests, evaluation of behaviour, and input from caregivers and teachers who know the person well. Once diagnosed, ADD/ADHD can be treated using psychoeducation, therapy, coaching, medication, or a combination.
Moreover, people with the condition can use strategies such as establishing routines, using planners, and breaking tasks down into smaller, manageable steps, to help them manage their symptoms and the impact on their life.
Further information and resources
Recommended books
- "ADHD 2.0: New Science and Essential Strategies for Thriving with Distraction - from Childhood through Adulthood" by Edward M. Hallowell, et al. - This book provides fascinating and informative insights into ADHD through the lens of personal anecdotes and scientific understanding.
- "Taking Charge of Adult ADHD, Second Edition: Proven Strategies to Succeed at Work, at Home, and in Relationships" by Russell A. Barkley - A guide for parents and caretakers, focusing on practical strategies for managing ADHD in daily life.
- "UNMASKED: The Ultimate Guide to ADHD, Autism and Neurodivergence" by Ellie Middleton - Written by someone diagnosed with ADHD and autism later in life, this book helps us to understand and appreciate neurodivergence, and how people with ADHD/autism view the world.
