Dyslexia & Dyspraxia

Dyslexia and dyspraxia are neurodevelopmental conditions that affect millions in the UK alone. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties in reading, writing, and spelling, stemming from differences in how the brain processes various aspects of language. It is the most common learning disorder globally, with around 1 in 5 people estimated to be affected, to varying degrees of severity.  

In contrast, dyspraxia, or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), affects coordination, movement, and planning. Approximately 5-10% of the population is believed to be affected by dyspraxia.

Dyslexia often manifests as difficulty in reading words and inconsistent spelling. Common symptoms include trouble with phonemic awareness (identifying and manipulating individual sounds in spoken words), slow reading speed, and challenges with writing. Children may struggle to read aloud and often feel frustrated with their academic performance.

Dyspraxia symptoms may include clumsiness, trouble with tasks requiring fine motor skills (like tying shoelaces), and difficulties in following multi-step directions, which can all impact various aspects of life. The conditions can also co-occur, complicating the educational experience and emotional well-being of individuals, within a world that is not adapted to their needs.

While there is no cure for dyslexia or dyspraxia, interventions can significantly improve coping strategies and skills. For dyslexia, educational support often includes phonics-based reading programs, specialized tutoring, and the use of technology like speech-to-text software.

For dyspraxia, occupational therapy focused on improving motor skills, physical activity programs, and assistive technology can be beneficial. Improving public knowledge, understanding, and embracing of both conditions is also critical to further inclusivity and support systems for those with dyslexia and/or dyspraxia, and can drastically increase emotional and social well-being.

Further information and resources

• British Dyslexia Association
• Dyspraxia Foundation
• Dyslexia Action

Recommended books

• “This is Dyslexia” by Kate Griggs – CEO of charity Made By Dyslexia, Griggs offers a positive and enlightening view of dyslexia, focused on changing the public narrative to focus on the overlooked strengths of those with the condition, with practical advice on how to best tap into “Dyslexic Thinking skills”.
• “Dyspraxia: Developmental Co-Ordination Disorder” by Amanda Kirby - A book aimed at parents and teachers, to aid with supporting children of any age to improve motor skills, through increasing understanding and introducing management skills.
• “Overcoming Dyslexia: Second Edition” by Dr Sally Shaywitz - A guide to dyslexia based on current research, with chapters encompassing everything there is to know about the condition for those living with it, or for people who have those with the condition in their lives.

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