Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), commonly referred to as autism, are a group of complex neurological conditions, involving difficulty with communication, social interaction and relationships, and repetitive patterns of behaviour or interests. Individuals often prefer routines and predictability and may experience heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli like light or noise, which can cause difficulty in everyday experience.

These traits vary in severity between individuals, hence the use of the term ‘autistic spectrum’ to allow for differences in presentation. People with autism can experience challenges in various areas of life and functioning, depending on the symptoms experienced and their intensity.

In the UK, recent research indicates that around 1 in 100 people are on the autistic spectrum, demonstrating how common it is. ASD is often diagnosed in childhood, but some people are only diagnosed later in life, particularly if they don’t display the typical symptoms (this is often noted with women with ASD).

People with autism may find individualised therapy helpful to address the specific areas of life they find challenging. This could include language therapy to improve communication skills, and occupational therapy to assist them with daily living. Early intervention, i.e., during childhood, can help significantly improve outcomes.

However, recently there has also been more focus on celebrating the aspects of autism which make those with the condition unique, and how it might give advantage in some areas: for example, some individuals may excel in learning and memorising information quickly or having an eye for precision and detail. This celebration of difference and focus on the positives may help those with ASD to feel more comfortable and confident, both in themselves and their environment.

Further information and resources

• NHS: Autism
• Autism UK advice and guidance
• Autism Speaks – a parents guide to autism

Recommended books

• "Unmasking Autism: The Power of Embracing Our Hidden Neurodiversity" by Dr Devon Price - Dr Price explores the concept of ‘masking’, which many people with autism adopt to hide their autistic traits and ‘fit in’ to society and makes the case instead for authenticity and non-conformity.
• "So, I'm Autistic: An Introduction to Autism for Young Adults and Late Teens" by Sarah O’Brien - A book that explains autism and ASD to young people, helping those with autism to navigate a world not necessarily designed for them.
• "Strong Female Character" by Fern Brady - Only diagnosed with autism at a later stage of life, Brady narrates a memoir detailing a life shaped by neurodiversity, and how this interacts with the expectations and experiences of womanhood.

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