Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental health condition that affects individuals' mood, energy, and activity levels. It is characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from intense highs (known as mania or hypomania) to severe lows (depression). These episodes can vary in duration and intensity and can disrupt daily life, relationships, and work.
In the UK, bipolar disorder (BD) affects approximately 1 in 100 people. While it can emerge at any age, symptoms often surface in late adolescence or early adulthood. During manic phases, individuals may feel elated, overly energetic, or unusually irritable. They might engage in risky behaviour (such as spending lots of money on things you cannot afford or wouldn’t usually want) experience racing thoughts, or struggle with sleep and/or appetite. Conversely, in depressive episodes, they may experience feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and a loss of interest in activities.
Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as mood stabilisers and antipsychotics aim to manage symptoms and prevent the occurrence of episodes. Alongside medication, talking therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) can be beneficial in helping individuals develop coping strategies and recognise triggers. The manic phase of bipolar disorder is often – at least initially – a positive experience for those in it, meaning intervention may be difficult and not desired.
Further information and resources
Recommended books
- "An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness" by Kay Redfield Jamison - Providing personal insight into living with bipolar disorder.
- "Loving Someone with Bipolar Disorder, Second Edition: Understanding and Helping Your Partner" by Julie A Fast & John D. Preston, PsyD – For readers who have a loved one with bipolar disorder, this book offers insight and advice in how to navigate the areas of life that might be affected.
- "Bipolar Disorder: The Ultimate Guide" by Sarah Owen & Amanda Saunders – A book that marries expert knowledge and current research with the personal experience of living with bipolar disorder, providing an indispensable source of information about the condition.
